青蛙冬眠之研究

作者／繆端生
　　　呂明雄

摘要

1. 本試驗分生態觀察與生理實驗分析二項目，對青蛙冬眠作詳細之研究分析，為更瞭解青蛙冬眠與溫度的關係，更行低溫處理試驗以與自然冬眠比較和分析。所做之研究包括體重、脂肪體重、呼吸、心跳、腦含水量、血糖、血鎂和心電圖等項，低溫處理試驗更用金線蛙（R. plancyi）和尖鼻赤蛙（R. narina）為材料，加以分析其血糖與血鎂含量之差異。
2. 金線蛙自然冬眠開始於十一月上旬至次年三月底才蘇醒。冬眠時外界環境溫度為10°-15℃左右，蘇醒時外界環境溫度為15°-18°C左右。
3. 冬眠時因不採食，體重減少，同時脂肪體漸漸減小，至冬眠後則完全用光而消失不見。
4. 冬眠時，青蛙之腦含水量減少，但剛醒時與冬眠後則含量無顯著差異。
5. 冬眠時因不採食，同時糖類以肝糖之形成於肝臟，故血糖減少。
6. 冬眠時蛙隻身體受冷，細胞中之鎂離子為達其生理動態平衡，以主動吸收作用漸漸釋放到細胞外（血清），故冬眠時血鎂增加。
7. 冬眠時血糖減低，血鎂增加是有種別差異性的。
8. 冬眠時呼吸和心跳率均顯然減少。
9. 低溫處理後腦含水量、呼吸、心跳、血糖都同樣減少。血鎂同樣增加。血糖血鎂變化也同樣有「種別差異性」。
10. 冬眠時心臟電位傳遞變化較夏天時慢。
[註1] Chlorpromazine 按各藥廠出品之不同，有Wintermin, Contamin, 和 Thorazine等種。它主要作用在抑制中樞神經系統和自由神經系統。
[註2] 本文所用「冬眠後」一詞，在時間上乃指四月中旬而言，並非冬眠依過的舜短時間。作者經觀察冬眠完全蘇醒開始於三月底和四月初，故「冬眠後」乃指冬眠完全蘇醒後之二週為準。
[註3] 低溫處理所用冷藏室，當發電機開動後，三室的溫度分別降列 0℃, 5℃ 和 15℃，每隔日開動時溫度分別升為 5℃, 10℃ 和 16℃, 作者採隔日開動發電機的情形，固定實驗時間，分別在 5℃, 12℃, 和 16℃ 時進行實驗。
[註4] 不宜剪斷血管，否則將影響結果。同樣，心跳記錄後該青蛙仍要用於採血，故不宜小心血管，如碰破血管則採血量將減少。
[註5] 本試驗中之體重測定均未計其採血量。

《詳全文》

Tuan-Sheng Miu
Ming-Shyong Leu

Abstract

1. The present investigation was proceeded with ecological studies and physiological analysis on the problems of the hibernation of frog. In this experi-ment, the low temperature treatment was also carried out for the purpose of making a detailed comparison with the natural hibernation. The determinations of body weight, fat body weight, rate of respiration, heart beat, brain's water content, blood sugar content, serum magnesium content and E.C.G. were included In the physiological analysis. The author used two species of frog, R. plancyi Lataste and R. narina Stejnegeir, in low temperature treatment to study whether there is a spacific difference the changes of blood serum magnesium content.
2. The natural hibernation of R. plancyi Lataste begins from November ends at the end of March. The environmental temperature cause animals hibernate is 10-15°C and it was found that the environmental temperature above 15°C will cause animals to awake.
3. No food was taken during hibernation so that the body weight decreased Meanwhile, the fat body was utilized as an energy source to maintain the lowest level of metaboilism, so the fat body was eompletaly disappeared as the hibernation ended.
*4. Brain's water content was decreased during deep hibernation, but there was no significent difference at any period of awakening.
5. The blood sugar content was also decreased in deep hibernation, this might be due to the fasting and to the storage of glucose in the form of glycogen in the liver.
6. The peripheral body tissues were cooled during hibernation. For the purpose of maintaining a relatively constant homeokinesis, the magnesium was released from cells to plasma by the mechanism of active transfer of cell membrane. So, the serum magnesium content was increased during hibernation.
7. The changes of blood sugar and serum magnesium content give a spceific difference observed in this experiment.
8. The rates of inspiration and heart beat also decreased during hibrnation.
9. The results of decease of brain's water content, rate of respiration heart beat, blood sugar content and increase of serum magnesium conent are all thesame whether in the artificial hibernation or in the natural hibernation also give a spicific difference as the natural hibernation shown.
10. The heart activity shown by E.C.G. during hibernation is slower than that in the summer.